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FouroftheGreatest四大经典代表CharlieChaplin查理·卓别林mmⅫMm_*“∞MM_∞㈣qmⅫm∞Ⅻdm日mmm∞_mⅫⅫⅢⅫ“Ⅻ％目“””““”’“。‘。”～oneofthegreatestandmostwidelyIovedsilentmoviestars.FromEasyStreet(1917)toModernTimes(1936)，hemademanyofthefunniestandmostpopular右Imsofhistime.Hewasbestknownforhischaracter,thenaiveandlovableLittleTramp.TheLittleTramp，awelImeaningmaninaraggedysuitwithcane，alwaysfoundhimselfwobblingintoawkwardsituationsandmiraculouslywobblingaway.Morethananyotherfigure，itisthiskind—heartedcharacterthatweassociatewiththetimebeforethetalkies.BorninLondonin1889，ChaplinfirstvisitedAmericawithatheatercompanyin1907.AppearingasBillyintheplayShedockHo／门1esJtheyoungChaplintouredthecountrytwice.0nhissecondtour,hemetMackSennettandwassignedtoKeystoneStudiostoactin行Ims.In1914Chaplinmadehisfirstone—reeler,MakingaLiving.Thatsameyearhemadethirty—fourmoreshort行lms，includingCaughtinaCabare5CaughtintheRain.TheFaceontheBar-RoomF|oor，andH／sTrystingPlaco.Theseearlysilentshortsallowedverylittletimeforanythingbutphysicalcomedy,andChaplinwasamasteratit.Chaplin’sslapstickacrobaticsmadehimfamous，butthesubtletiesofhisactingmadehimgreat.WhileHaroldLloydplayedthedaredevil.hangingfrOmclocks，andBusterKeatonmaneuveredthroughsurreaIandcomplexsituations，Chaplinconcernedhimselfwithimprovisation.ForChaplin，thebestwaytolocatethehumororpathosofasituationwastocreateanenvironmentandWaIkaroundituntilsomethingnaturalhappened.Theconcernofearlytheaterand而lmwastosimplykeeptheaudience’sattentionthroughoverdramaticactingthatexaggeratedemotions，butChaplinsawin亓lmanopportunitytocontroltheenvironmentenoughtoallowsubtletytocomethrough.ChaplinwasknownasoneofthemostdemandingmeninHollywood.Regardlessofthesizethepart，Chaplinwalkedeachactorthrougheveryscene.ChaplinknewthatasuccessfuIscenewasnotsimplyaboutthestar,butabouteveryoneonthescreen.Hedemandedthattheentirecastworktogetherineveryperformance.Withoutthisunityhecouldnotexpressthesubtletyofcharacterthatwassoimportanttohim.TheonlywaytoachievethatunitywastomaintaincompletecontroIovereveryscene.Thisconstantattentiontodetailranmanyfeaturesover—timeandover-budget，butthepublicreactionassuredhimandthestudiosthatwhathewasdoingworked.AshispopularityincreasedhetookmoreIibertieswith而Imina.Moviessuchashis1925hit，TheGoldRush，demandedunendingreworkingofscenesandrebuildingofsets.ThoughChaplinisofthesilentmovieera，weseehisachievementscarriedthroughinthe而lmsoftoday.Withtheadventofthefeature—Iengthtalkies，theneedformoresubtleactingbecameapparent.Tomaintaintheaudience。sattentionthroughoutasix—reeI亓Im，anactorneededtomovebeyondconstantslapstick.Chaplinhaddemandedthisdepthlongbeforeanyoneelse.Hisrigorandconcernfortheprocessesofactinganddirectingmadehis亓lmsgreatandIedthewaytoanew,moresophisticated，cinema.Jun02007BIIIngu~lTIme083