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《0秘纛u辨、野扩鬈韩0；毫姥露There’Salsotheeconomicsideofthings.Inparticular，somecriticsconsiderthepracticeofsellinglossleaderstobeanti-competitive，andarealsowaryofthenegotiatingpowerlargeretailershavewithsuppliers.Thesupermarketsandchainretailersthemselvessaytheyaresimplygivingtheconsumerswhattheywant.Whilefreetradesupportersinsistthatthemarketshouldbeallowedtodeterminewhosucceedsinbusiness，othersareconcernedaboutthedomi—nancelargeretailershaveoverconsumerspending.They—c—i—t—e—theconflictbetweenindividualbenefitandthecommongood.TragedyoftheCommons：j'Asanindividual，yourbestactionistobuythecheap?99chammerfromWal—Mart，becauseyourownpurchaseswon’taffecthowdominantWal—Martbecomes，orwhetherotherlocalbusinessessurvive.旷everyoneelsecontinuestobuyfromotherbusinessesthatpaytheiremployeeswellandhaveslightlymoreexpensivegoods，you’vegotagoodjobandcanbuystufffor99c.Yetifeveryoneelsemakesthesameindividualdecisiontobuystt,ffatthecheaperstore，thentheotherbusinesseswillstartshuttingdown,andyourownworkingopportunitiesaregoingtogetalotworse.And.ifeveryoneelsehasstartedgoingtoWal—Mart?itdoesnjtmatterifyoukeepgoingtotheotherplaces，youaren’tgoingtokeepthemafloatbyyourself”一JeremyColeTheswayheldbysupermarketchainshascausedenoughconcernforsomegovernmentstolookintoit.IntheUK，theOfficeofFairTradinghasrecentlydecidedtoinvestigatethe”Big4’’chainsoverallegationsofanti—competitivepractice.Ask喝I-r此外.还有经济层面上的、口]题。特别是有一些批评人士认为贱卖促销品的销售行为具有反竞争性并且对于大型零售商对供货商具有的说服能力也持有警惕态度。而超市和连锁零售店方面则宣称，他们只是满足顾客所需而已。尽管自由贸易支持者坚称应该让市场来决定商家成败.但另些人则担心大型零售商会左右顾客的消费。他们将个人利益和公众利益之间的j中突作为了一个例证。公用品的悲氍j’作为个人来说?你最好是虱沃尔玛贿买99美分的廉价锤子?因为你自己的贿买行为不会影响沃尔玛捅有怎样的统治地位或者影响勤当地其它商家的存亡，如果射人还继续从那些支付员I高薪j产品稍贵的其它商家贿物的话j你就拥有一份好I作并能购买99美分的商品，然而?如果鄹人也做出7桕向的个人决定?要在更廉价的商店贿买物品?那么其它商家就会开始俩闭?而你自己的就业机会将会变得更加不和，此外j如果鄹入B经开始去沃尔玛赡物?那么你是否要坚持虱其它地方购物就无关紧要77因为你无法以己之力来使其存活下来，j‘——杰里米·科尔连锁超市的影响力已经引起了一些政府的足够关注，进而展开了调查。在英国公平贸易办公室最近就决定针对连锁四巨头的反竞争行为指控展开调查。一、’profitable／、pmfitabl／adj赚钱的.有利可图的self—service／、selfso：vis／adj自助的grocery／’gmusori／n杂货bulkYoAIk／n大批?大量distinctly／dis’tioktli／adv清楚地，显然slogan／’slaugon／n.口号proliferate／prau’lifareidv.激增anynumberof许多viable／、vaiabl／adj.可行的.现实的proposition／,prapa’zijon／n想法.提议profitmargin利润率staple／’steipl／n.日常必需品；主食品lossleader为招揽顾客而亏本出售的商品negative／’negativ／adj负的razor—thin／’reizzOirdadj极薄的shrink／加qk，v.缩小interaction／,intar、inkjan／n互动.互相作用turnover／’tom.auva／n人员更新siting／、saitio／n.位置的选择anticompetitive／.∞ntik。m’petativ／adj.反竞争的cite／sawv引证good／gud／n利益shutdown倒闭sway／swei／n影响allegation／,mli’9eilon／n指控83·BilinguaITime